libcamera: software_isp: Add saturation control

Saturation control is added on top of the colour correction matrix.  A
method of saturation adjustment that can be fully integrated into the
colour correction matrix is used.  The control is available only if Ccm
algorithm is enabled.

The control uses 0.0-2.0 value range, with 1.0 being unmodified
saturation, 0.0 full desaturation and 2.0 quite saturated.

The saturation is adjusted by converting to Y'CbCr colour space,
applying the saturation value on the colour axes, and converting back to
RGB.  ITU-R BT.601 conversion is used to convert between the colour
spaces, for no particular reason.

The colour correction matrix is applied before gamma and the given
matrix is suitable for such a case.  Alternatively, the transformation
used in libcamera rpi ccm.cpp could be used.

Signed-off-by: Milan Zamazal <mzamazal@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Elder <paul.elder@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>

3 files changed, 72 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/ccm.cpp b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/ccm.cpp
index d5ba928d..0a98406c 100644
--- a/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/ccm.cpp
+++ b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/ccm.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2024, Ideas On Board
  * Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Red Hat Inc.
  *
- * Color correction matrix
+ * Color correction matrix + saturation
  */
 
 #include "ccm.h"
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 #include <libcamera/control_ids.h>
 
+#include "libcamera/internal/matrix.h"
+
 namespace {
 
 constexpr unsigned int kTemperatureThreshold = 100;
@@ -35,28 +37,77 @@ int Ccm::init([[maybe_unused]] IPAContext &context, const YamlObject &tuningData
 	}
 
 	context.ccmEnabled = true;
+	context.ctrlMap[&controls::Saturation] = ControlInfo(0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int Ccm::configure(IPAContext &context,
+		   [[maybe_unused]] const IPAConfigInfo &configInfo)
+{
+	context.activeState.knobs.saturation = std::optional<double>();
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+void Ccm::queueRequest(typename Module::Context &context,
+		       [[maybe_unused]] const uint32_t frame,
+		       [[maybe_unused]] typename Module::FrameContext &frameContext,
+		       const ControlList &controls)
+{
+	const auto &saturation = controls.get(controls::Saturation);
+	if (saturation.has_value()) {
+		context.activeState.knobs.saturation = saturation;
+		LOG(IPASoftCcm, Debug) << "Setting saturation to " << saturation.value();
+	}
+}
+
+void Ccm::applySaturation(Matrix<float, 3, 3> &ccm, float saturation)
+{
+	/* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YCbCr#ITU-R_BT.601_conversion */
+	const Matrix<float, 3, 3> rgb2ycbcr{
+		{ 0.256788235294, 0.504129411765, 0.0979058823529,
+		  -0.148223529412, -0.290992156863, 0.439215686275,
+		  0.439215686275, -0.367788235294, -0.0714274509804 }
+	};
+	const Matrix<float, 3, 3> ycbcr2rgb{
+		{ 1.16438356164, 0, 1.59602678571,
+		  1.16438356164, -0.391762290094, -0.812967647235,
+		  1.16438356164, 2.01723214285, 0 }
+	};
+	const Matrix<float, 3, 3> saturationMatrix{
+		{ 1, 0, 0,
+		  0, saturation, 0,
+		  0, 0, saturation }
+	};
+	ccm = ycbcr2rgb * saturationMatrix * rgb2ycbcr * ccm;
+}
+
 void Ccm::prepare(IPAContext &context, const uint32_t frame,
 		  IPAFrameContext &frameContext, [[maybe_unused]] DebayerParams *params)
 {
+	auto &saturation = context.activeState.knobs.saturation;
+
 	const unsigned int ct = context.activeState.awb.temperatureK;
 
-	/* Change CCM only on bigger temperature changes. */
+	/* Change CCM only on saturation or bigger temperature changes. */
 	if (frame > 0 &&
-	    utils::abs_diff(ct, lastCt_) < kTemperatureThreshold) {
+	    utils::abs_diff(ct, lastCt_) < kTemperatureThreshold &&
+	    saturation == lastSaturation_) {
 		frameContext.ccm.ccm = context.activeState.ccm.ccm;
 		context.activeState.ccm.changed = false;
 		return;
 	}
 
 	lastCt_ = ct;
+	lastSaturation_ = saturation;
 	Matrix<float, 3, 3> ccm = ccm_.getInterpolated(ct);
+	if (saturation)
+		applySaturation(ccm, saturation.value());
 
 	context.activeState.ccm.ccm = ccm;
 	frameContext.ccm.ccm = ccm;
+	frameContext.saturation = saturation;
 	context.activeState.ccm.changed = true;
 }
 
@@ -67,6 +118,9 @@ void Ccm::process([[maybe_unused]] IPAContext &context,
 		  ControlList &metadata)
 {
 	metadata.set(controls::ColourCorrectionMatrix, frameContext.ccm.ccm.data());
+
+	const auto &saturation = frameContext.saturation;
+	metadata.set(controls::Saturation, saturation.value_or(1.0));
 }
 
 REGISTER_IPA_ALGORITHM(Ccm, "Ccm")
diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/ccm.h b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/ccm.h
index f4e2b85b..8279a3d5 100644
--- a/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/ccm.h
+++ b/src/ipa/simple/algorithms/ccm.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <optional>
+
 #include "libcamera/internal/matrix.h"
 
 #include <libipa/interpolator.h>
@@ -24,6 +26,12 @@ public:
 	~Ccm() = default;
 
 	int init(IPAContext &context, const YamlObject &tuningData) override;
+	int configure(IPAContext &context,
+		      const IPAConfigInfo &configInfo) override;
+	void queueRequest(typename Module::Context &context,
+			  const uint32_t frame,
+			  typename Module::FrameContext &frameContext,
+			  const ControlList &controls) override;
 	void prepare(IPAContext &context,
 		     const uint32_t frame,
 		     IPAFrameContext &frameContext,
@@ -34,7 +42,10 @@ public:
 		     ControlList &metadata) override;
 
 private:
+	void applySaturation(Matrix<float, 3, 3> &ccm, float saturation);
+
 	unsigned int lastCt_;
+	std::optional<float> lastSaturation_;
 	Interpolator<Matrix<float, 3, 3>> ccm_;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h b/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h
index 88cc6c35..a471b80a 100644
--- a/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h
+++ b/src/ipa/simple/ipa_context.h
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ struct IPAActiveState {
 	struct {
 		/* 0..2 range, 1.0 = normal */
 		std::optional<double> contrast;
+		std::optional<float> saturation;
 	} knobs;
 };
 
@@ -75,11 +76,14 @@ struct IPAFrameContext : public FrameContext {
 		int32_t exposure;
 		double gain;
 	} sensor;
+
 	struct {
 		double red;
 		double blue;
 	} gains;
+
 	std::optional<double> contrast;
+	std::optional<float> saturation;
 };
 
 struct IPAContext {