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diff --git a/src/libcamera/pipeline/rpi/common/rpi_stream.h b/src/libcamera/pipeline/rpi/common/rpi_stream.h
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+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, Raspberry Pi Ltd
+ *
+ * rpi_stream.h - Raspberry Pi device stream abstraction class.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <queue>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <libcamera/base/flags.h>
+#include <libcamera/base/utils.h>
+
+#include <libcamera/stream.h>
+
+#include "libcamera/internal/mapped_framebuffer.h"
+#include "libcamera/internal/v4l2_videodevice.h"
+
+namespace libcamera {
+
+namespace RPi {
+
+enum BufferMask {
+ MaskID = 0x00ffff,
+ MaskStats = 0x010000,
+ MaskEmbeddedData = 0x020000,
+ MaskBayerData = 0x040000,
+};
+
+struct BufferObject {
+ BufferObject(FrameBuffer *b, bool requiresMmap)
+ : buffer(b), mapped(std::nullopt)
+ {
+ if (requiresMmap)
+ mapped = std::make_optional<MappedFrameBuffer>
+ (b, MappedFrameBuffer::MapFlag::ReadWrite);
+ }
+
+ FrameBuffer *buffer;
+ std::optional<MappedFrameBuffer> mapped;
+};
+
+using BufferMap = std::unordered_map<unsigned int, BufferObject>;
+
+/*
+ * Device stream abstraction for either an internal or external stream.
+ * Used for both Unicam and the ISP.
+ */
+class Stream : public libcamera::Stream
+{
+public:
+ enum class StreamFlag {
+ None = 0,
+ /*
+ * Indicates that this stream only imports buffers, e.g. the ISP
+ * input stream.
+ */
+ ImportOnly = (1 << 0),
+ /*
+ * Indicates that this stream is active externally, i.e. the
+ * buffers might be provided by (and returned to) the application.
+ */
+ External = (1 << 1),
+ /*
+ * Indicates that the stream buffers need to be mmaped and returned
+ * to the pipeline handler when requested.
+ */
+ RequiresMmap = (1 << 2),
+ /*
+ * Indicates a stream that needs buffers recycled every frame internally
+ * in the pipeline handler, e.g. stitch, TDN, config. All buffer
+ * management will be handled by the pipeline handler.
+ */
+ Recurrent = (1 << 3),
+ /*
+ * Indicates that the output stream needs a software format conversion
+ * to be applied after ISP processing.
+ */
+ Needs32bitConv = (1 << 4),
+ };
+
+ using StreamFlags = Flags<StreamFlag>;
+
+ Stream()
+ : flags_(StreamFlag::None), id_(0), swDownscale_(0)
+ {
+ }
+
+ Stream(const char *name, MediaEntity *dev, StreamFlags flags = StreamFlag::None)
+ : flags_(flags), name_(name),
+ dev_(std::make_unique<V4L2VideoDevice>(dev)), id_(0),
+ swDownscale_(0)
+ {
+ }
+
+ void setFlags(StreamFlags flags);
+ void clearFlags(StreamFlags flags);
+ StreamFlags getFlags() const;
+
+ V4L2VideoDevice *dev() const;
+ const std::string &name() const;
+ void resetBuffers();
+
+ unsigned int swDownscale() const;
+ void setSwDownscale(unsigned int swDownscale);
+
+ void setExportedBuffers(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FrameBuffer>> *buffers);
+ const BufferMap &getBuffers() const;
+ unsigned int getBufferId(FrameBuffer *buffer) const;
+
+ void setExportedBuffer(FrameBuffer *buffer);
+
+ int prepareBuffers(unsigned int count);
+ int queueBuffer(FrameBuffer *buffer);
+ void returnBuffer(FrameBuffer *buffer);
+
+ const BufferObject &getBuffer(unsigned int id);
+ const BufferObject &acquireBuffer();
+
+ int queueAllBuffers();
+ void releaseBuffers();
+
+ /* For error handling. */
+ static const BufferObject errorBufferObject;
+
+private:
+ void bufferEmplace(unsigned int id, FrameBuffer *buffer);
+ void clearBuffers();
+ int queueToDevice(FrameBuffer *buffer);
+
+ StreamFlags flags_;
+
+ /* Stream name identifier. */
+ std::string name_;
+
+ /* The actual device stream. */
+ std::unique_ptr<V4L2VideoDevice> dev_;
+
+ /* Tracks a unique id key for the bufferMap_ */
+ unsigned int id_;
+
+ /* Power of 2 greater than one if software downscaling will be required. */
+ unsigned int swDownscale_;
+
+ /* All frame buffers associated with this device stream. */
+ BufferMap bufferMap_;
+
+ /*
+ * List of frame buffers that we can use if none have been provided by
+ * the application for external streams. This is populated by the
+ * buffers exported internally.
+ */
+ std::queue<FrameBuffer *> availableBuffers_;
+
+ /*
+ * List of frame buffers that are to be queued into the device from a Request.
+ * A nullptr indicates any internal buffer can be used (from availableBuffers_),
+ * whereas a valid pointer indicates an external buffer to be queued.
+ *
+ * Ordering buffers to be queued is important here as it must match the
+ * requests coming from the application.
+ */
+ std::queue<FrameBuffer *> requestBuffers_;
+
+ /*
+ * This is a list of buffers exported internally. Need to keep this around
+ * as the stream needs to maintain ownership of these buffers.
+ */
+ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FrameBuffer>> internalBuffers_;
+};
+
+/*
+ * The following class is just a convenient (and typesafe) array of device
+ * streams indexed with an enum class.
+ */
+template<typename E, std::size_t N>
+class Device : public std::array<class Stream, N>
+{
+public:
+ Stream &operator[](E e)
+ {
+ return std::array<class Stream, N>::operator[](utils::to_underlying(e));
+ }
+ const Stream &operator[](E e) const
+ {
+ return std::array<class Stream, N>::operator[](utils::to_underlying(e));
+ }
+};
+
+} /* namespace RPi */
+
+LIBCAMERA_FLAGS_ENABLE_OPERATORS(RPi::Stream::StreamFlag)
+
+} /* namespace libcamera */