src/android/metadata/camera_metadata.c


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#define LOG_TAG "camera_metadata"

/*
 * Replace ALOGE() with a fprintf to stderr so that we don't need to
 * re-implement Android's logging system.  The log/log.h header file is no
 * longer necessary once we removed dependency on ALOGE().
 */
#define ALOGE(...) fprintf(stderr, LOG_TAG __VA_ARGS__)

#include <system/camera_metadata.h>
#include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stddef.h>  // for offsetof
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define OK              0
#define ERROR           1
#define NOT_FOUND       (-ENOENT)
#define SN_EVENT_LOG_ID 0x534e4554

#define ALIGN_TO(val, alignment) \
    (((uintptr_t)(val) + ((alignment) - 1)) & ~((alignment) - 1))

/**
 * A single metadata entry, storing an array of values of a given type. If the
 * array is no larger than 4 bytes in size, it is stored in the data.value[]
 * array; otherwise, it can found in the parent's data array at index
 * data.offset.
 */
#define ENTRY_ALIGNMENT ((size_t) 4)
typedef struct camera_metadata_buffer_entry {
    uint32_t tag;
    uint32_t count;
    union {
        uint32_t offset;
        uint8_t  value[4];
    } data;
    uint8_t  type;
    uint8_t  reserved[3];
} camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t;

typedef uint32_t metadata_uptrdiff_t;
typedef uint32_t metadata_size_t;

/**
 * A packet of metadata. This is a list of entries, each of which may point to
 * its values stored at an offset in data.
 *
 * It is assumed by the utility functions that the memory layout of the packet
 * is as follows:
 *
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *   | camera_metadata_t                             |
 *   |                                               |
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *   | reserved for future expansion                 |
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *   | camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t #0             |
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *   | ....                                          |
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *   | camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t #entry_count-1 |
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *   | free space for                                |
 *   | (entry_capacity-entry_count) entries          |
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *   | start of camera_metadata.data                 |
 *   |                                               |
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *   | free space for                                |
 *   | (data_capacity-data_count) bytes              |
 *   |-----------------------------------------------|
 *
 * With the total length of the whole packet being camera_metadata.size bytes.
 *
 * In short, the entries and data are contiguous in memory after the metadata
 * header.
 */
#define METADATA_ALIGNMENT ((size_t) 4)
struct camera_metadata {
    metadata_size_t          size;
    uint32_t                 version;
    uint32_t                 flags;
    metadata_size_t          entry_count;
    metadata_size_t          entry_capacity;
    metadata_uptrdiff_t      entries_start; // Offset from camera_metadata
    metadata_size_t          data_count;
    metadata_size_t          data_capacity;
    metadata_uptrdiff_t      data_start; // Offset from camera_metadata
    uint32_t                 padding;    // padding to 8 bytes boundary
    metadata_vendor_id_t     vendor_id;
};

/**
 * A datum of metadata. This corresponds to camera_metadata_entry_t::data
 * with the difference that each element is not a pointer. We need to have a
 * non-pointer type description in order to figure out the largest alignment
 * requirement for data (DATA_ALIGNMENT).
 */
#define DATA_ALIGNMENT ((size_t) 8)
typedef union camera_metadata_data {
    uint8_t u8;
    int32_t i32;
    float   f;
    int64_t i64;
    double  d;
    camera_metadata_rational_t r;
} camera_metadata_data_t;

_Static_assert(sizeof(metadata_size_t) == 4,
         "Size of metadata_size_t must be 4");
_Static_assert(sizeof(metadata_uptrdiff_t) == 4,
         "Size of metadata_uptrdiff_t must be 4");
_Static_assert(sizeof(metadata_vendor_id_t) == 8,
         "Size of metadata_vendor_id_t must be 8");
_Static_assert(sizeof(camera_metadata_data_t) == 8,
         "Size of camera_metadata_data_t must be 8");

_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t, tag) == 0,
         "Offset of tag must be 0");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t, count) == 4,
         "Offset of count must be 4");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t, data) == 8,
         "Offset of data must be 8");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t, type) == 12,
         "Offset of type must be 12");
_Static_assert(sizeof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t) == 16,
         "Size of camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t must be 16");

_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, size) == 0,
         "Offset of size must be 0");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, version) == 4,
         "Offset of version must be 4");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, flags) == 8,
         "Offset of flags must be 8");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, entry_count) == 12,
         "Offset of entry_count must be 12");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, entry_capacity) == 16,
         "Offset of entry_capacity must be 16");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, entries_start) == 20,
         "Offset of entries_start must be 20");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, data_count) == 24,
         "Offset of data_count must be 24");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, data_capacity) == 28,
         "Offset of data_capacity must be 28");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, data_start) == 32,
         "Offset of data_start must be 32");
_Static_assert(offsetof(camera_metadata_t, vendor_id) == 40,
         "Offset of vendor_id must be 40");
_Static_assert(sizeof(camera_metadata_t) == 48,
         "Size of camera_metadata_t must be 48");

/**
 * The preferred alignment of a packet of camera metadata. In general,
 * this is the lowest common multiple of the constituents of a metadata
 * package, i.e, of DATA_ALIGNMENT and ENTRY_ALIGNMENT.
 */
#define MAX_ALIGNMENT(A, B) (((A) > (B)) ? (A) : (B))
#define METADATA_PACKET_ALIGNMENT \
    MAX_ALIGNMENT(MAX_ALIGNMENT(DATA_ALIGNMENT, METADATA_ALIGNMENT), ENTRY_ALIGNMENT)

/** Versioning information */
#define CURRENT_METADATA_VERSION 1

/** Flag definitions */
#define FLAG_SORTED 0x00000001

/** Tag information */

typedef struct tag_info {
    const char *tag_name;
    uint8_t     tag_type;
} tag_info_t;

#include "camera_metadata_tag_info.c"

const size_t camera_metadata_type_size[NUM_TYPES] = {
    [TYPE_BYTE]     = sizeof(uint8_t),
    [TYPE_INT32]    = sizeof(int32_t),
    [TYPE_FLOAT]    = sizeof(float),
    [TYPE_INT64]    = sizeof(int64_t),
    [TYPE_DOUBLE]   = sizeof(double),
    [TYPE_RATIONAL] = sizeof(camera_metadata_rational_t)
};

const char *camera_metadata_type_names[NUM_TYPES] = {
    [TYPE_BYTE]     = "byte",
    [TYPE_INT32]    = "int32",
    [TYPE_FLOAT]    = "float",
    [TYPE_INT64]    = "int64",
    [TYPE_DOUBLE]   = "double",
    [TYPE_RATIONAL] = "rational"
};

static camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *get_entries(
        const camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    return (camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t*)
            ((uint8_t*)metadata + metadata->entries_start);
}

static uint8_t *get_data(const camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    return (uint8_t*)metadata + metadata->data_start;
}

size_t get_camera_metadata_alignment() {
    return METADATA_PACKET_ALIGNMENT;
}

camera_metadata_t *allocate_copy_camera_metadata_checked(
        const camera_metadata_t *src,
        size_t src_size) {

    if (src == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (src_size < sizeof(camera_metadata_t)) {
        ALOGE("%s: Source size too small!", __FUNCTION__);
        // android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "67782345");
        return NULL;
    }

    void *buffer = malloc(src_size);
    memcpy(buffer, src, src_size);

    camera_metadata_t *metadata = (camera_metadata_t*) buffer;
    if (validate_camera_metadata_structure(metadata, &src_size) != OK) {
        free(buffer);
        return NULL;
    }

    return metadata;
}

camera_metadata_t *allocate_camera_metadata(size_t entry_capacity,
                                            size_t data_capacity) {

    size_t memory_needed = calculate_camera_metadata_size(entry_capacity,
                                                          data_capacity);
    void *buffer = malloc(memory_needed);
    camera_metadata_t *metadata = place_camera_metadata(
        buffer, memory_needed, entry_capacity, data_capacity);
    if (!metadata) {
        /* This should not happen when memory_needed is the same
         * calculated in this function and in place_camera_metadata.
         */
        free(buffer);
    }
    return metadata;
}

camera_metadata_t *place_camera_metadata(void *dst,
                                         size_t dst_size,
                                         size_t entry_capacity,
                                         size_t data_capacity) {
    if (dst == NULL) return NULL;

    size_t memory_needed = calculate_camera_metadata_size(entry_capacity,
                                                          data_capacity);
    if (memory_needed > dst_size) return NULL;

    camera_metadata_t *metadata = (camera_metadata_t*)dst;
    metadata->version = CURRENT_METADATA_VERSION;
    metadata->flags = 0;
    metadata->entry_count = 0;
    metadata->entry_capacity = entry_capacity;
    metadata->entries_start =
            ALIGN_TO(sizeof(camera_metadata_t), ENTRY_ALIGNMENT);
    metadata->data_count = 0;
    metadata->data_capacity = data_capacity;
    metadata->size = memory_needed;
    size_t data_unaligned = (uint8_t*)(get_entries(metadata) +
            metadata->entry_capacity) - (uint8_t*)metadata;
    metadata->data_start = ALIGN_TO(data_unaligned, DATA_ALIGNMENT);
    metadata->vendor_id = CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID;

    assert(validate_camera_metadata_structure(metadata, NULL) == OK);
    return metadata;
}
void free_camera_metadata(camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    free(metadata);
}

size_t calculate_camera_metadata_size(size_t entry_count,
                                      size_t data_count) {
    size_t memory_needed = sizeof(camera_metadata_t);
    // Start entry list at aligned boundary
    memory_needed = ALIGN_TO(memory_needed, ENTRY_ALIGNMENT);
    memory_needed += sizeof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t[entry_count]);
    // Start buffer list at aligned boundary
    memory_needed = ALIGN_TO(memory_needed, DATA_ALIGNMENT);
    memory_needed += sizeof(uint8_t[data_count]);
    // Make sure camera metadata can be stacked in continuous memory
    memory_needed = ALIGN_TO(memory_needed, METADATA_PACKET_ALIGNMENT);
    return memory_needed;
}

size_t get_camera_metadata_size(const camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    if (metadata == NULL) return ERROR;

    return metadata->size;
}

size_t get_camera_metadata_compact_size(const camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    if (metadata == NULL) return ERROR;

    return calculate_camera_metadata_size(metadata->entry_count,
                                          metadata->data_count);
}

size_t get_camera_metadata_entry_count(const camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    return metadata->entry_count;
}

size_t get_camera_metadata_entry_capacity(const camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    return metadata->entry_capacity;
}

size_t get_camera_metadata_data_count(const camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    return metadata->data_count;
}

size_t get_camera_metadata_data_capacity(const camera_metadata_t *metadata) {
    return metadata->data_capacity;
}

camera_metadata_t* copy_camera_metadata(void *dst, size_t dst_size,
        const camera_metadata_t *src) {
    size_t memory_needed = get_camera_metadata_compact_size(src);

    if (dst == NULL) return NULL;
    if (dst_size < memory_needed) return NULL;

    camera_metadata_t *metadata =
        place_camera_metadata(dst, dst_size, src->entry_count, src->data_count);

    metadata->flags = src->flags;
    metadata->entry_count = src->entry_count;
    metadata->data_count = src->data_count;
    metadata->vendor_id = src->vendor_id;

    memcpy(get_entries(metadata), get_entries(src),
            sizeof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t[metadata->entry_count]));
    memcpy(get_data(metadata), get_data(src),
            sizeof(uint8_t[metadata->data_count]));

    assert(validate_camera_metadata_structure(metadata, NULL) == OK);
    return metadata;
}

// This method should be used when the camera metadata cannot be trusted. For example, when it's
// read from Parcel.
static int validate_and_calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(size_t *data_size, uint8_t type,
        size_t data_count) {
    if (type >= NUM_TYPES) return ERROR;

    // Check for overflow
    if (data_count != 0 &&
            camera_metadata_type_size[type] > (SIZE_MAX - DATA_ALIGNMENT + 1) / data_count) {
        // android_errorWriteLog(SN_EVENT_LOG_ID, "30741779");
        return ERROR;
    }

    size_t data_bytes = data_count * camera_metadata_type_size[type];

    if (data_size) {
        *data_size = data_bytes <= 4 ? 0 : ALIGN_TO(data_bytes, DATA_ALIGNMENT);
    }

    return OK;
}

size_t calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(uint8_t type,
        size_t data_count) {
    if (type >= NUM_TYPES) return 0;

    size_t data_bytes = data_count *
            camera_metadata_type_size[type];

    return data_bytes <= 4 ? 0 : ALIGN_TO(data_bytes, DATA_ALIGNMENT);
}

int validate_camera_metadata_structure(const camera_metadata_t *metadata,
                                       const size_t *expected_size) {

    if (metadata == NULL) {
        ALOGE("%s: metadata is null!", __FUNCTION__);
        return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
    }

    uintptr_t aligned_ptr = ALIGN_TO(metadata, METADATA_PACKET_ALIGNMENT);
    const uintptr_t alignmentOffset = aligned_ptr - (uintptr_t) metadata;

    // Check that the metadata pointer is well-aligned first.
    {
        static const struct {
            const char *name;
            size_t alignment;
        } alignments[] = {
            {
                .name = "camera_metadata",
                .alignment = METADATA_ALIGNMENT
            },
            {
                .name = "camera_metadata_buffer_entry",
                .alignment = ENTRY_ALIGNMENT
            },
            {
                .name = "camera_metadata_data",
                .alignment = DATA_ALIGNMENT
            },
        };

        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(alignments)/sizeof(alignments[0]); ++i) {
            uintptr_t aligned_ptr = ALIGN_TO((uintptr_t) metadata + alignmentOffset,
                    alignments[i].alignment);

            if ((uintptr_t)metadata + alignmentOffset != aligned_ptr) {
                ALOGE("%s: Metadata pointer is not aligned (actual %p, "
                      "expected %p, offset %" PRIuPTR ") to type %s",
                      __FUNCTION__, metadata,
                      (void*)aligned_ptr, alignmentOffset, alignments[i].name);
                return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check that the metadata contents are correct
     */

    if (expected_size != NULL && metadata->size > *expected_size) {
        ALOGE("%s: Metadata size (%" PRIu32 ") should be <= expected size (%zu)",
              __FUNCTION__, metadata->size, *expected_size);
        return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
    }

    if (metadata->entry_count > metadata->entry_capacity) {
        ALOGE("%s: Entry count (%" PRIu32 ") should be <= entry capacity "
              "(%" PRIu32 ")",
              __FUNCTION__, metadata->entry_count, metadata->entry_capacity);
        return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
    }

    if (metadata->data_count > metadata->data_capacity) {
        ALOGE("%s: Data count (%" PRIu32 ") should be <= data capacity "
              "(%" PRIu32 ")",
              __FUNCTION__, metadata->data_count, metadata->data_capacity);
        // android_errorWriteLog(SN_EVENT_LOG_ID, "30591838");
        return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
    }

    const metadata_uptrdiff_t entries_end =
        metadata->entries_start + metadata->entry_capacity;
    if (entries_end < metadata->entries_start || // overflow check
        entries_end > metadata->data_start) {

        ALOGE("%s: Entry start + capacity (%" PRIu32 ") should be <= data start "
              "(%" PRIu32 ")",
               __FUNCTION__,
              (metadata->entries_start + metadata->entry_capacity),
              metadata->data_start);
        return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
    }

    const metadata_uptrdiff_t data_end =
        metadata->data_start + metadata->data_capacity;
    if (data_end < metadata->data_start || // overflow check
        data_end > metadata->size) {

        ALOGE("%s: Data start + capacity (%" PRIu32 ") should be <= total size "
              "(%" PRIu32 ")",
               __FUNCTION__,
              (metadata->data_start + metadata->data_capacity),
              metadata->size);
        return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
    }

    // Validate each entry
    const metadata_size_t entry_count = metadata->entry_count;
    camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *entries = get_entries(metadata);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < entry_count; ++i) {

        if ((uintptr_t)&entries[i] + alignmentOffset !=
                ALIGN_TO((uintptr_t)&entries[i] + alignmentOffset, ENTRY_ALIGNMENT)) {
            ALOGE("%s: Entry index %zu had bad alignment (address %p),"
                  " expected alignment %zu",
                  __FUNCTION__, i, &entries[i], ENTRY_ALIGNMENT);
            return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
        }

        camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t entry = entries[i];

        if (entry.type >= NUM_TYPES) {
            ALOGE("%s: Entry index %zu had a bad type %d",
                  __FUNCTION__, i, entry.type);
            return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
        }

        // TODO: fix vendor_tag_ops across processes so we don't need to special
        //       case vendor-specific tags
        uint32_t tag_section = entry.tag >> 16;
        int tag_type = get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type(entry.tag, metadata);
        if (tag_type != (int)entry.type && tag_section < VENDOR_SECTION) {
            ALOGE("%s: Entry index %zu had tag type %d, but the type was %d",
                  __FUNCTION__, i, tag_type, entry.type);
            return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
        }

        size_t data_size;
        if (validate_and_calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(&data_size, entry.type,
                entry.count) != OK) {
            ALOGE("%s: Entry data size is invalid. type: %u count: %u", __FUNCTION__, entry.type,
                    entry.count);
            return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
        }

        if (data_size != 0) {
            camera_metadata_data_t *data =
                    (camera_metadata_data_t*) (get_data(metadata) +
                                               entry.data.offset);

            if ((uintptr_t)data + alignmentOffset !=
                        ALIGN_TO((uintptr_t)data + alignmentOffset, DATA_ALIGNMENT)) {
                ALOGE("%s: Entry index %zu had bad data alignment (address %p),"
                      " expected align %zu, (tag name %s, data size %zu)",
                      __FUNCTION__, i, data, DATA_ALIGNMENT,
                      get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(entry.tag, metadata) ?
                              : "unknown", data_size);
                return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
            }

            size_t data_entry_end = entry.data.offset + data_size;
            if (data_entry_end < entry.data.offset || // overflow check
                data_entry_end > metadata->data_capacity) {

                ALOGE("%s: Entry index %zu data ends (%zu) beyond the capacity "
                      "%" PRIu32, __FUNCTION__, i, data_entry_end,
                      metadata->data_capacity);
                return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
            }

        } else if (entry.count == 0) {
            if (entry.data.offset != 0) {
                ALOGE("%s: Entry index %zu had 0 items, but offset was non-0 "
                     "(%" PRIu32 "), tag name: %s", __FUNCTION__, i, entry.data.offset,
                        get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(entry.tag, metadata) ? : "unknown");
                return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_ERROR;
            }
        } // else data stored inline, so we look at value which can be anything.
    }

    if (alignmentOffset == 0) {
        return OK;
    }
    return CAMERA_METADATA_VALIDATION_SHIFTED;
}

int append_camera_metadata(camera_metadata_t *dst,
        const camera_metadata_t *src) {
    if (dst == NULL || src == NULL ) return ERROR;

    // Check for overflow
    if (src->entry_count + dst->entry_count < src->entry_count) return ERROR;
    if (src->data_count + dst->data_count < src->data_count) return ERROR;
    // Check for space
    if (dst->entry_capacity < src->entry_count + dst->entry_count) return ERROR;
    if (dst->data_capacity < src->data_count + dst->data_count) return ERROR;

    if ((dst->vendor_id != CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID) &&
            (src->vendor_id != CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID)) {
        if (dst->vendor_id != src->vendor_id) {
            ALOGE("%s: Append for metadata from different vendors is"
                    "not supported!", __func__);
            return ERROR;
        }
    }

    memcpy(get_entries(dst) + dst->entry_count, get_entries(src),
            sizeof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t[src->entry_count]));
    memcpy(get_data(dst) + dst->data_count, get_data(src),
            sizeof(uint8_t[src->data_count]));
    if (dst->data_count != 0) {
        camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *entry = get_entries(dst) + dst->entry_count;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < src->entry_count; i++, entry++) {
            if ( calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(entry->type,
                            entry->count) > 0 ) {
                entry->data.offset += dst->data_count;
            }
        }
    }
    if (dst->entry_count == 0) {
        // Appending onto empty buffer, keep sorted state
        dst->flags |= src->flags & FLAG_SORTED;
    } else if (src->entry_count != 0) {
        // Both src, dst are nonempty, cannot assume sort remains
        dst->flags &= ~FLAG_SORTED;
    } else {
        // Src is empty, keep dst sorted state
    }
    dst->entry_count += src->entry_count;
    dst->data_count += src->data_count;

    if (dst->vendor_id == CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID) {
        dst->vendor_id = src->vendor_id;
    }

    assert(validate_camera_metadata_structure(dst, NULL) == OK);
    return OK;
}

camera_metadata_t *clone_camera_metadata(const camera_metadata_t *src) {
    int res;
    if (src == NULL) return NULL;
    camera_metadata_t *clone = allocate_camera_metadata(
        get_camera_metadata_entry_count(src),
        get_camera_metadata_data_count(src));
    if (clone != NULL) {
        res = append_camera_metadata(clone, src);
        if (res != OK) {
            free_camera_metadata(clone);
            clone = NULL;
        }
    }
    assert(validate_camera_metadata_structure(clone, NULL) == OK);
    return clone;
}

static int add_camera_metadata_entry_raw(camera_metadata_t *dst,
        uint32_t tag,
        uint8_t  type,
        const void *data,
        size_t data_count) {

    if (dst == NULL) return ERROR;
    if (dst->entry_count == dst->entry_capacity) return ERROR;
    if (data_count && data == NULL) return ERROR;

    size_t data_bytes =
            calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(type, data_count);
    if (data_bytes + dst->data_count > dst->data_capacity) return ERROR;

    size_t data_payload_bytes =
            data_count * camera_metadata_type_size[type];
    camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *entry = get_entries(dst) + dst->entry_count;
    memset(entry, 0, sizeof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t));
    entry->tag = tag;
    entry->type = type;
    entry->count = data_count;

    if (data_bytes == 0) {
        memcpy(entry->data.value, data,
                data_payload_bytes);
    } else {
        entry->data.offset = dst->data_count;
        memcpy(get_data(dst) + entry->data.offset, data,
                data_payload_bytes);
        dst->data_count += data_bytes;
    }
    dst->entry_count++;
    dst->flags &= ~FLAG_SORTED;
    assert(validate_camera_metadata_structure(dst, NULL) == OK);
    return OK;
}

int add_camera_metadata_entry(camera_metadata_t *dst,
        uint32_t tag,
        const void *data,
        size_t data_count) {

    int type = get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag, dst);
    if (type == -1) {
        ALOGE("%s: Unknown tag %04x.", __FUNCTION__, tag);
        return ERROR;
    }

    return add_camera_metadata_entry_raw(dst,
            tag,
            type,
            data,
            data_count);
}

static int compare_entry_tags(const void *p1, const void *p2) {
    uint32_t tag1 = ((camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t*)p1)->tag;
    uint32_t tag2 = ((camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t*)p2)->tag;
    return  tag1 < tag2 ? -1 :
            tag1 == tag2 ? 0 :
            1;
}

int sort_camera_metadata(camera_metadata_t *dst) {
    if (dst == NULL) return ERROR;
    if (dst->flags & FLAG_SORTED) return OK;

    qsort(get_entries(dst), dst->entry_count,
            sizeof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t),
            compare_entry_tags);
    dst->flags |= FLAG_SORTED;

    assert(validate_camera_metadata_structure(dst, NULL) == OK);
    return OK;
}

int get_camera_metadata_entry(camera_metadata_t *src,
        size_t index,
        camera_metadata_entry_t *entry) {
    if (src == NULL || entry == NULL) return ERROR;
    if (index >= src->entry_count) return ERROR;

    camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *buffer_entry = get_entries(src) + index;

    entry->index = index;
    entry->tag = buffer_entry->tag;
    entry->type = buffer_entry->type;
    entry->count = buffer_entry->count;
    if (buffer_entry->count *
            camera_metadata_type_size[buffer_entry->type] > 4) {
        entry->data.u8 = get_data(src) + buffer_entry->data.offset;
    } else {
        entry->data.u8 = buffer_entry->data.value;
    }
    return OK;
}

int get_camera_metadata_ro_entry(const camera_metadata_t *src,
        size_t index,
        camera_metadata_ro_entry_t *entry) {
    return get_camera_metadata_entry((camera_metadata_t*)src, index,
            (camera_metadata_entry_t*)entry);
}

int find_camera_metadata_entry(camera_metadata_t *src,
        uint32_t tag,
        camera_metadata_entry_t *entry) {
    if (src == NULL) return ERROR;

    uint32_t index;
    if (src->flags & FLAG_SORTED) {
        // Sorted entries, do a binary search
        camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *search_entry = NULL;
        camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t key;
        key.tag = tag;
        search_entry = bsearch(&key,
                get_entries(src),
                src->entry_count,
                sizeof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t),
                compare_entry_tags);
        if (search_entry == NULL) return NOT_FOUND;
        index = search_entry - get_entries(src);
    } else {
        // Not sorted, linear search
        camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *search_entry = get_entries(src);
        for (index = 0; index < src->entry_count; index++, search_entry++) {
            if (search_entry->tag == tag) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (index == src->entry_count) return NOT_FOUND;
    }

    return get_camera_metadata_entry(src, index,
            entry);
}

int find_camera_metadata_ro_entry(const camera_metadata_t *src,
        uint32_t tag,
        camera_metadata_ro_entry_t *entry) {
    return find_camera_metadata_entry((camera_metadata_t*)src, tag,
            (camera_metadata_entry_t*)entry);
}


int delete_camera_metadata_entry(camera_metadata_t *dst,
        size_t index) {
    if (dst == NULL) return ERROR;
    if (index >= dst->entry_count) return ERROR;

    camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *entry = get_entries(dst) + index;
    size_t data_bytes = calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(entry->type,
            entry->count);

    if (data_bytes > 0) {
        // Shift data buffer to overwrite deleted data
        uint8_t *start = get_data(dst) + entry->data.offset;
        uint8_t *end = start + data_bytes;
        size_t length = dst->data_count - entry->data.offset - data_bytes;
        memmove(start, end, length);

        // Update all entry indices to account for shift
        camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *e = get_entries(dst);
        size_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < dst->entry_count; i++) {
            if (calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(
                    e->type, e->count) > 0 &&
                    e->data.offset > entry->data.offset) {
                e->data.offset -= data_bytes;
            }
            ++e;
        }
        dst->data_count -= data_bytes;
    }
    // Shift entry array
    memmove(entry, entry + 1,
            sizeof(camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t) *
            (dst->entry_count - index - 1) );
    dst->entry_count -= 1;

    assert(validate_camera_metadata_structure(dst, NULL) == OK);
    return OK;
}

int update_camera_metadata_entry(camera_metadata_t *dst,
        size_t index,
        const void *data,
        size_t data_count,
        camera_metadata_entry_t *updated_entry) {
    if (dst == NULL) return ERROR;
    if (index >= dst->entry_count) return ERROR;

    camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *entry = get_entries(dst) + index;

    size_t data_bytes =
            calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(entry->type,
                    data_count);
    size_t data_payload_bytes =
            data_count * camera_metadata_type_size[entry->type];

    size_t entry_bytes =
            calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(entry->type,
                    entry->count);
    if (data_bytes != entry_bytes) {
        // May need to shift/add to data array
        if (dst->data_capacity < dst->data_count + data_bytes - entry_bytes) {
            // No room
            return ERROR;
        }
        if (entry_bytes != 0) {
            // Remove old data
            uint8_t *start = get_data(dst) + entry->data.offset;
            uint8_t *end = start + entry_bytes;
            size_t length = dst->data_count - entry->data.offset - entry_bytes;
            memmove(start, end, length);
            dst->data_count -= entry_bytes;

            // Update all entry indices to account for shift
            camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *e = get_entries(dst);
            size_t i;
            for (i = 0; i < dst->entry_count; i++) {
                if (calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(
                        e->type, e->count) > 0 &&
                        e->data.offset > entry->data.offset) {
                    e->data.offset -= entry_bytes;
                }
                ++e;
            }
        }

        if (data_bytes != 0) {
            // Append new data
            entry->data.offset = dst->data_count;

            memcpy(get_data(dst) + entry->data.offset, data, data_payload_bytes);
            dst->data_count += data_bytes;
        }
    } else if (data_bytes != 0) {
        // data size unchanged, reuse same data location
        memcpy(get_data(dst) + entry->data.offset, data, data_payload_bytes);
    }

    if (data_bytes == 0) {
        // Data fits into entry
        memcpy(entry->data.value, data,
                data_payload_bytes);
    }

    entry->count = data_count;

    if (updated_entry != NULL) {
        get_camera_metadata_entry(dst,
                index,
                updated_entry);
    }

    assert(validate_camera_metadata_structure(dst, NULL) == OK);
    return OK;
}

static const vendor_tag_ops_t *vendor_tag_ops = NULL;
static const struct vendor_tag_cache_ops *vendor_cache_ops = NULL;

// Declared in system/media/private/camera/include/camera_metadata_hidden.h
const char *get_local_camera_metadata_section_name_vendor_id(uint32_t tag,
        metadata_vendor_id_t id) {
    uint32_t tag_section = tag >> 16;
    if (tag_section >= VENDOR_SECTION && vendor_cache_ops != NULL &&
               id != CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID) {
           return vendor_cache_ops->get_section_name(tag, id);
    } else if (tag_section >= VENDOR_SECTION && vendor_tag_ops != NULL) {
        return vendor_tag_ops->get_section_name(
            vendor_tag_ops,
            tag);
    }
    if (tag_section >= ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return camera_metadata_section_names[tag_section];
}

// Declared in system/media/private/camera/include/camera_metadata_hidden.h
const char *get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name_vendor_id(uint32_t tag,
        metadata_vendor_id_t id) {
    uint32_t tag_section = tag >> 16;
    if (tag_section >= VENDOR_SECTION && vendor_cache_ops != NULL &&
                id != CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID) {
            return vendor_cache_ops->get_tag_name(tag, id);
    } else  if (tag_section >= VENDOR_SECTION && vendor_tag_ops != NULL) {
        return vendor_tag_ops->get_tag_name(
            vendor_tag_ops,
            tag);
    }
    if (tag_section >= ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT ||
        tag >= camera_metadata_section_bounds[tag_section][1] ) {
        return NULL;
    }
    uint32_t tag_index = tag & 0xFFFF;
    return tag_info[tag_section][tag_index].tag_name;
}

// Declared in system/media/private/camera/include/camera_metadata_hidden.h
int get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type_vendor_id(uint32_t tag,
        metadata_vendor_id_t id) {
    uint32_t tag_section = tag >> 16;
    if (tag_section >= VENDOR_SECTION && vendor_cache_ops != NULL &&
                id != CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID) {
            return vendor_cache_ops->get_tag_type(tag, id);
    } else if (tag_section >= VENDOR_SECTION && vendor_tag_ops != NULL) {
        return vendor_tag_ops->get_tag_type(
            vendor_tag_ops,
            tag);
    }
    if (tag_section >= ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT ||
            tag >= camera_metadata_section_bounds[tag_section][1] ) {
        return -1;
    }
    uint32_t tag_index = tag & 0xFFFF;
    return tag_info[tag_section][tag_index].tag_type;
}

const char *get_camera_metadata_section_name(uint32_t tag) {
    return get_local_camera_metadata_section_name(tag, NULL);
}

const char *get_camera_metadata_tag_name(uint32_t tag) {
    return get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag, NULL);
}

int get_camera_metadata_tag_type(uint32_t tag) {
    return get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag, NULL);
}

const char *get_local_camera_metadata_section_name(uint32_t tag,
        const camera_metadata_t *meta) {
    metadata_vendor_id_t id = (NULL == meta) ? CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID :
            meta->vendor_id;

    return get_local_camera_metadata_section_name_vendor_id(tag, id);
}

const char *get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(uint32_t tag,
        const camera_metadata_t *meta) {
    metadata_vendor_id_t id = (NULL == meta) ? CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID :
            meta->vendor_id;

    return get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name_vendor_id(tag, id);
}

int get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type(uint32_t tag,
        const camera_metadata_t *meta) {
    metadata_vendor_id_t id = (NULL == meta) ? CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID :
            meta->vendor_id;

    return get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type_vendor_id(tag, id);
}

int set_camera_metadata_vendor_tag_ops(const vendor_tag_query_ops_t* ops) {
    // **DEPRECATED**
    (void) ops;
    ALOGE("%s: This function has been deprecated", __FUNCTION__);
    return ERROR;
}

// Declared in system/media/private/camera/include/camera_metadata_hidden.h
int set_camera_metadata_vendor_ops(const vendor_tag_ops_t* ops) {
    vendor_tag_ops = ops;
    return OK;
}

// Declared in system/media/private/camera/include/camera_metadata_hidden.h
int set_camera_metadata_vendor_cache_ops(
        const struct vendor_tag_cache_ops *query_cache_ops) {
    vendor_cache_ops = query_cache_ops;
    return OK;
}

// Declared in system/media/private/camera/include/camera_metadata_hidden.h
void set_camera_metadata_vendor_id(camera_metadata_t *meta,
        metadata_vendor_id_t id) {
    if (NULL != meta) {
        meta->vendor_id = id;
    }
}

// Declared in system/media/private/camera/include/camera_metadata_hidden.h
metadata_vendor_id_t get_camera_metadata_vendor_id(
        const camera_metadata_t *meta) {
    metadata_vendor_id_t ret = CAMERA_METADATA_INVALID_VENDOR_ID;

    if (NULL != meta) {
        ret = meta->vendor_id;
    }

    return ret;
}

static void print_data(int fd, const uint8_t *data_ptr, uint32_t tag, int type,
        int count,
        int indentation);

void dump_camera_metadata(const camera_metadata_t *metadata,
        int fd,
        int verbosity) {
    dump_indented_camera_metadata(metadata, fd, verbosity, 0);
}

void dump_indented_camera_metadata(const camera_metadata_t *metadata,
        int fd,
        int verbosity,
        int indentation) {
    if (metadata == NULL) {
        dprintf(fd, "%*sDumping camera metadata array: Not allocated\n",
                indentation, "");
        return;
    }
    unsigned int i;
    dprintf(fd,
            "%*sDumping camera metadata array: %" PRIu32 " / %" PRIu32 " entries, "
            "%" PRIu32 " / %" PRIu32 " bytes of extra data.\n", indentation, "",
            metadata->entry_count, metadata->entry_capacity,
            metadata->data_count, metadata->data_capacity);
    dprintf(fd, "%*sVersion: %d, Flags: %08x\n",
            indentation + 2, "",
            metadata->version, metadata->flags);
    camera_metadata_buffer_entry_t *entry = get_entries(metadata);
    for (i=0; i < metadata->entry_count; i++, entry++) {

        const char *tag_name, *tag_section;
        tag_section = get_local_camera_metadata_section_name(entry->tag, metadata);
        if (tag_section == NULL) {
            tag_section = "unknownSection";
        }
        tag_name = get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(entry->tag, metadata);
        if (tag_name == NULL) {
            tag_name = "unknownTag";
        }
        const char *type_name;
        if (entry->type >= NUM_TYPES) {
            type_name = "unknown";
        } else {
            type_name = camera_metadata_type_names[entry->type];
        }
        dprintf(fd, "%*s%s.%s (%05x): %s[%" PRIu32 "]\n",
             indentation + 2, "",
             tag_section,
             tag_name,
             entry->tag,
             type_name,
             entry->count);

        if (verbosity < 1) continue;

        if (entry->type >= NUM_TYPES) continue;

        size_t type_size = camera_metadata_type_size[entry->type];
        uint8_t *data_ptr;
        if ( type_size * entry->count > 4 ) {
            if (entry->data.offset >= metadata->data_count) {
                ALOGE("%s: Malformed entry data offset: %" PRIu32 " (max %" PRIu32 ")",
                        __FUNCTION__,
                        entry->data.offset,
                        metadata->data_count);
                continue;
            }
            data_ptr = get_data(metadata) + entry->data.offset;
        } else {
            data_ptr = entry->data.value;
        }
        int count = entry->count;
        if (verbosity < 2 && count > 16) count = 16;

        print_data(fd, data_ptr, entry->tag, entry->type, count, indentation);
    }
}

static void print_data(int fd, const uint8_t *data_ptr, uint32_t tag,
        int type, int count, int indentation) {
    static int values_per_line[NUM_TYPES] = {
        [TYPE_BYTE]     = 16,
        [TYPE_INT32]    = 4,
        [TYPE_FLOAT]    = 8,
        [TYPE_INT64]    = 2,
        [TYPE_DOUBLE]   = 4,
        [TYPE_RATIONAL] = 2,
    };
    size_t type_size = camera_metadata_type_size[type];
    char value_string_tmp[CAMERA_METADATA_ENUM_STRING_MAX_SIZE];
    uint32_t value;

    int lines = count / values_per_line[type];
    if (count % values_per_line[type] != 0) lines++;

    int index = 0;
    int j, k;
    for (j = 0; j < lines; j++) {
        dprintf(fd, "%*s[", indentation + 4, "");
        for (k = 0;
             k < values_per_line[type] && count > 0;
             k++, count--, index += type_size) {

            switch (type) {
                case TYPE_BYTE:
                    value = *(data_ptr + index);
                    if (camera_metadata_enum_snprint(tag,
                                                     value,
                                                     value_string_tmp,
                                                     sizeof(value_string_tmp))
                        == OK) {
                        dprintf(fd, "%s ", value_string_tmp);
                    } else {
                        dprintf(fd, "%hhu ",
                                *(data_ptr + index));
                    }
                    break;
                case TYPE_INT32:
                    value =
                            *(int32_t*)(data_ptr + index);
                    if (camera_metadata_enum_snprint(tag,
                                                     value,
                                                     value_string_tmp,
                                                     sizeof(value_string_tmp))
                        == OK) {
                        dprintf(fd, "%s ", value_string_tmp);
                    } else {
                        dprintf(fd, "%" PRId32 " ",
                                *(int32_t*)(data_ptr + index));
                    }
                    break;
                case TYPE_FLOAT:
                    dprintf(fd, "%0.8f ",
                            *(float*)(data_ptr + index));
                    break;
                case TYPE_INT64:
                    dprintf(fd, "%" PRId64 " ",
                            *(int64_t*)(data_ptr + index));
                    break;
                case TYPE_DOUBLE:
                    dprintf(fd, "%0.8f ",
                            *(double*)(data_ptr + index));
                    break;
                case TYPE_RATIONAL: {
                    int32_t numerator = *(int32_t*)(data_ptr + index);
                    int32_t denominator = *(int32_t*)(data_ptr + index + 4);
                    dprintf(fd, "(%d / %d) ",
                            numerator, denominator);
                    break;
                }
                default:
                    dprintf(fd, "??? ");
            }
        }
        dprintf(fd, "]\n");
    }
}