libcamera/pinchartl/libcamera.git - Laurent Pinchart's clone of libcamera

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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2019, Google Inc.
 *
 * v4l2_device.cpp - V4L2 Device
 */

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vector>

#include <libcamera/buffer.h>
#include <libcamera/event_notifier.h>

#include "log.h"
#include "media_device.h"
#include "media_object.h"
#include "v4l2_device.h"

/**
 * \file v4l2_device.h
 * \brief V4L2 Device API
 */
namespace libcamera {

LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(V4L2)

/**
 * \struct V4L2Capability
 * \brief struct v4l2_capability object wrapper and helpers
 *
 * The V4L2Capability structure manages the information returned by the
 * VIDIOC_QUERYCAP ioctl.
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::driver()
 * \brief Retrieve the driver module name
 * \return The string containing the name of the driver module
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::card()
 * \brief Retrieve the device card name
 * \return The string containing the device name
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::bus_info()
 * \brief Retrieve the location of the device in the system
 * \return The string containing the device location
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::device_caps()
 * \brief Retrieve the capabilities of the device
 * \return The device specific capabilities if V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS is set or
 * 	   driver capabilities otherwise
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::isMultiplanar()
 * \brief Identify if the device implements the V4L2 multiplanar APIs
 * \return True if the device supports multiplanar APIs
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::isCapture()
 * \brief Identify if the device captures data
 * \return True if the device can capture data
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::isOutput()
 * \brief Identify if the device outputs data
 * \return True if the device can output data
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::isVideo()
 * \brief Identify if the device captures or outputs images
 * \return True if the device can capture or output images
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::isMeta()
 * \brief Identify if the device captures or outputs image meta-data
 *
 * \todo Add support for META_CAPTURE introduced in Linux v5.0
 *
 * \return True if the device can capture or output image meta-data
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::isVideoCapture()
 * \brief Identify if the device captures images
 * \return True if the device can capture images
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::isVideoOutput()
 * \brief Identify if the device outputs images
 * \return True if the device can output images
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::isMetaCapture()
 * \brief Identify if the device captures image meta-data
 * \return True if the device can capture image meta-data
 */

/**
 * \fn V4L2Capability::hasStreaming()
 * \brief Determine if the device can perform Streaming I/O
 * \return True if the device provides Streaming I/O IOCTLs
 */

/**
 * \class V4L2DeviceFormat
 * \brief The V4L2 device image format and sizes
 *
 * This class describes the image format and resolution to be programmed on a
 * V4L2 video device. The image format is defined by a fourcc code (as specified
 * by the V4L2 API with the V4L2_PIX_FMT_* macros), a resolution (width and
 * height) and one to three planes with configurable line stride and a total
 * per-plane size in bytes.
 *
 * Image formats, as defined by the V4L2 APIs, are categorised as packed,
 * semi-planar and planar, and describe the layout of the image pixel components
 * stored in memory.
 *
 * Packed image formats store pixel components one after the other, in a
 * contiguous memory area. Examples of packed image formats are YUYV
 * permutations, RGB with different pixel sub-sampling ratios such as RGB565 or
 * RGB666 or Raw-Bayer formats such as SRGGB8 or SGRBG12.
 *
 * Semi-planar and planar image formats store the pixel components in separate
 * and possibly non-contiguous memory areas, named planes, whose sizes depend on
 * the pixel components sub-sampling ratios, which are defined by the format.
 * Semi-planar formats use two planes to store pixel components and notable
 * examples of such formats are the NV12 and NV16 formats, while planar formats
 * use three planes to store pixel components and notable examples are YUV422
 * and YUV420.
 *
 * Image formats supported by the V4L2 API are defined and described in Section
 * number 2 of the "Part I - Video for Linux API" chapter of the "Linux Media
 * Infrastructure userspace API", part of the Linux kernel documentation.
 *
 * In the context of this document, packed image formats are referred to as
 * "packed formats" and semi-planar and planar image formats are referred to as
 * "planar formats".
 *
 * V4L2 also defines two different sets of APIs to work with devices that store
 * planes in contiguous or separate memory areas. They are named "Single-plane
 * APIs" and "Multi-plane APIs" respectively and are documented in Section 2.1
 * and Section 2.2 of the above mentioned "Part I - Video for Linux API"
 * documentation.
 *
 * The single-plane API allows, among other parameters, the configuration of the
 * image resolution, the pixel format and the stride length. In that case the
 * stride applies to all planes (possibly sub-sampled). The multi-plane API
 * allows configuring the resolution, the pixel format and a per-plane stride
 * length and total size.
 *
 * Packed image formats, which occupy a single memory area, are easily described
 * through the single-plane API. When used on a device that implements the
 * multi-plane API, only the size and stride information contained in the first
 * plane are taken into account.
 *
 * Planar image formats, which occupy distinct memory areas, are easily
 * described through the multi-plane APIs. When used on a device that implements
 * the single-plane API, all planes are stored one after the other in a
 * contiguous memory area, and it is not possible to configure per-plane stride
 * length and size, but only a global stride length which is applied to all
 * planes.
 *
 * The V4L2DeviceFormat class describes both packed and planar image formats,
 * regardless of the API type (single or multi plane) implemented by the device
 * the format has to be applied to. The total size and bytes per line of images
 * represented with packed formats are configured using the first entry of the
 * V4L2DeviceFormat::planes array, while the per-plane size and per-plane stride
 * length of images represented with planar image formats are configured using
 * the opportune number of entries of the V4L2DeviceFormat::planes array, as
 * prescribed by the image format definition (semi-planar formats use 2 entries,
 * while planar formats use the whole 3 entries). The number of valid entries of
 * the V4L2DeviceFormat::planes array is defined by the
 * V4L2DeviceFormat::planesCount value.
 */

/**
 * \var V4L2DeviceFormat::width
 * \brief The image width in pixels
 */

/**
 * \var V4L2DeviceFormat::height
 * \brief The image height in pixels
 */

/**
 * \var V4L2DeviceFormat::fourcc
 * \brief The fourcc code describing the pixel encoding scheme
 *
 * The fourcc code, as defined by the V4L2 API with the V4L2_PIX_FMT_* macros,
 * that identifies the image format pixel encoding scheme.
 */

/**
 * \var V4L2DeviceFormat::planes
 * \brief The per-plane memory size information
 *
 * Images are stored in memory in one or more data planes. Each data plane has a
 * specific line stride and memory size, which could differ from the image
 * visible sizes to accommodate padding at the end of lines and end of planes.
 * Only the first \ref planesCount entries are considered valid.
 */

/**
 * \var V4L2DeviceFormat::planesCount
 * \brief The number of valid data planes
 */

/**
 * \brief Assemble and return a string describing the format
 *
 * \return A string describing the V4L2DeviceFormat
 */
const std::string V4L2DeviceFormat::toString() const
{
	std::stringstream ss;

	ss.fill(0);
	ss << width << "x" << height << "-0x" << std::hex
	   << std::setw(8) << fourcc;

	return ss.str();
}

/**
 * \class V4L2Device
 * \brief V4L2Device object and API
 *
 * The V4L2 Device API class models an instance of a V4L2 device node.
 * It is constructed with the path to a V4L2 video device node. The device node


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