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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
/*
* Copyright (C) 2019, Google Inc.
*
* v4l2_device.cpp - V4L2 Device
*/
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vector>
#include <libcamera/buffer.h>
#include <libcamera/event_notifier.h>
#include "log.h"
#include "media_object.h"
#include "v4l2_device.h"
/**
* \file v4l2_device.h
* \brief V4L2 Device API
*/
namespace libcamera {
LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(V4L2)
/**
* \struct V4L2Capability
* \brief struct v4l2_capability object wrapper and helpers
*
* The V4L2Capability structure manages the information returned by the
* VIDIOC_QUERYCAP ioctl.
*/
/**
* \fn const char *V4L2Capability::driver()
* \brief Retrieve the driver module name
* \return The string containing the name of the driver module
*/
/**
* \fn const char *V4L2Capability::card()
* \brief Retrieve the device card name
* \return The string containing the device name
*/
/**
* \fn const char *V4L2Capability::bus_info()
* \brief Retrieve the location of the device in the system
* \return The string containing the device location
*/
/**
* \fn unsigned int V4L2Capability::device_caps()
* \brief Retrieve the capabilities of the device
* \return The device specific capabilities if V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS is set or
* driver capabilities otherwise
*/
/**
* \fn bool V4L2Capability::isMultiplanar()
* \brief Identify if the device implements the V4L2 multiplanar APIs
* \return True if the device supports multiplanar APIs
*/
/**
* \fn bool V4L2Capability::isCapture()
* \brief Identify if the device is capable of capturing video
* \return True if the device can capture video frames
*/
/**
* \fn bool V4L2Capability::isOutput()
* \brief Identify if the device is capable of outputting video
* \return True if the device can output video frames
*/
/**
* \fn bool V4L2Capability::hasStreaming()
* \brief Determine if the device can perform Streaming I/O
* \return True if the device provides Streaming I/O IOCTLs
*/
/**
* \class V4L2DeviceFormat
* \brief The V4L2 device image format and sizes
*
* This class describes the image format and resolution to be programmed on a
* V4L2 video device. The image format is defined by a fourcc code (as specified
* by the V4L2 API with the V4L2_PIX_FMT_* macros), a resolution (width and
* height) and one to three planes with configurable line stride and a total
* per-plane size in bytes.
*
* Image formats, as defined by the V4L2 APIs, are categorized as packed,
* semi-planar and planar, and describe the layout of the image pixel components
* stored in memory.
*
* Packed image formats store pixel components one after the other, in a
* contiguous memory area. Examples of packed image formats are YUYV
* permutations, RGB with different pixel sub-sampling ratios such as RGB565 or
* RGB666 or Raw-Bayer formats such as SRGGB8 or SGRBG12.
*
* Semi-planar and planar image formats store the pixel components in separate
* and possibly non-contiguous memory areas, named planes, whose sizes depend on
* the pixel components sub-sampling ratios, which are defined by the format.
* Semi-planar formats use two planes to store pixel components and notable
* examples of such formats are the NV12 and NV16 formats, while planar formats
* use three planes to store pixel components and notable examples are YUV422
* and YUV420.
*
* Image formats supported by the V4L2 API are defined and described in Section
* number 2 of the "Part I - Video for Linux API" chapter of the "Linux Media
* Infrastructure userspace API", part of the Linux kernel documentation.
*
* In the context of this document, packed image formats are referred to as
* "packed formats" and semi-planar and planar image formats are referred to as
* "planar formats".
*
* V4L2 also defines two different sets of APIs to work with devices that store
* planes in contiguous or separate memory areas. They are named "Single-plane
* APIs" and "Multi-plane APIs" respectively and are documented in Section 2.1
* and Section 2.2 of the above mentioned "Part I - Video for Linux API"
* documentation.
*
* The single-plane API allows, among other parameters, the configuration of the
* image resolution, the pixel format and the stride length. In that case the
* stride applies to all planes (possibly sub-sampled). The multi-plane API
* allows configuring the resolution, the pixel format and a per-plane stride
* length and total size.
*
* Packed image formats, which occupy a single memory area, are easily described
* through the single-plane API. When used on a device that implements the
* multi-plane API, only the size and stride information contained in the first
* plane are taken into account.
*
* Planar image formats, which occupy distinct memory areas, are easily
* described through the multi-plane APIs. When used on a device that implements
* the single-plane API, all planes are stored one after the other in a
* contiguous memory area, and it is not possible to configure per-plane stride
* length and size, but only a global stride length which is applied to all
* planes.
*
* The V4L2DeviceFormat class describes both packed and planar image formats,
* regardless of the API type (single or multi plane) implemented by the device
* the format has to be applied to. The total size and bytes per line of images
* represented with packed formats are configured using the first entry of the
* V4L2DeviceFormat::planes array, while the per-plane size and per-plane stride
* length of images represented with planar image formats are configured using
* the opportune number of entries of the V4L2DeviceFormat::planes array, as
* prescribed by the image format definition (semi-planar formats use 2 entries,
* while planar formats use the whole 3 entries). The number of valid entries of
* the V4L2DeviceFormat::planes array is defined by the
* V4L2DeviceFormat::planesCount value.
*/
/**
* \var V4L2DeviceFormat::width
* \brief The image width in pixels
*/
/**
* \var V4L2DeviceFormat::height
* \brief The image height in pixels
*/
/**
* \var V4L2DeviceFormat::fourcc
* \brief The fourcc code describing the pixel encoding scheme
*
* The fourcc code, as defined by the V4L2 API with the V4L2_PIX_FMT_* macros,
* that identifies the image format pixel encoding scheme.
*/
/**
* \var V4L2DeviceFormat::planes
* \brief The per-plane memory size information
*
* Images are stored in memory in one or more data planes. Each data plane has a
* specific line stride and memory size, which could differ from the image
* visible sizes to accommodate padding at the end of lines and end of planes.
* Only the first \ref planesCount entries are considered valid.
*/
/**
* \var V4L2DeviceFormat::planesCount
* \brief The number of valid data planes
*/
/**
* \class V4L2Device
* \brief V4L2Device object and API
*
* The V4L2 Device API class models an instance of a V4L2 device node.
* It is constructed with the path to a V4L2 video device node. The device node
* is only opened upon a call to open() which must be checked for success.
*
* The device capabilities are validated when the device is opened and the
* device is rejected if it is not a suitable V4L2 capture or output device, or
* if the device does not support streaming I/O.
*
* No API call other than open(), isOpen() and close() shall be called on an
* unopened device instance.
*
* The V4L2Device class tracks queued buffers and handles buffer events. It
* automatically dequeues completed buffers and emits the \ref bufferReady
* signal.
*
* Upon destruction any device left open will be closed, and any resources
* released.
*/
/**
* \brief Construct a V4L2Device
* \param deviceNode The file-system path to the video device node
*/
V4L2Device::V4L2Device(const std::string &deviceNode)
: deviceNode_(deviceNode), fd_(-1), bufferPool_(nullptr),
queuedBuffersCount_(0), fdEvent_(nullptr)
{
/*
* We default to an MMAP based CAPTURE device, however this will be
* updated based upon the device capabilities.
*/
bufferType_ = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE;
memoryType_ = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
}
/**
* \brief Construct a V4L2Device from a MediaEntity
* \param entity The MediaEntity to build the device from
*
* Construct a V4L2Device from a MediaEntity's device node path.
*/
V4L2Device::V4L2Device(const MediaEntity *entity)
: V4L2Device(entity->deviceNode())
{
}
V4L2Device::~V4L2Device()
{
close();
}
/**
* \brief Open a V4L2 device and query its capabilities
* \return 0 on success, or a negative error code otherwise
*/
int V4L2Device::open()
{
int ret;
if (isOpen()) {
LOG(V4L2, Error) << "Device already open";
return -EBUSY;
}
ret = ::open(deviceNode_.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Failed to open V4L2 device: " << strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
fd_ = ret;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &caps_);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Failed to query device capabilities: "
<< strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
LOG(V4L2, Debug)
<< "Opened device " << caps_.bus_info() << ": "
<< caps_.driver() << ": " << caps_.card();
if (!caps_.isCapture() && !caps_.isOutput()) {
LOG(V4L2, Debug) << "Device is not a supported type";
return -EINVAL;
}
if (!caps_.hasStreaming()) {
LOG(V4L2, Error) << "Device does not support streaming I/O";
return -EINVAL;
}
if (caps_.isCapture())
bufferType_ = caps_.isMultiplanar()
? V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE
: V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
else
bufferType_ = caps_.isMultiplanar()
? V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE
: V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT;
/*
* We wait for Read notifications on CAPTURE devices (POLLIN), and
* Write notifications for OUTPUT devices (POLLOUT).
*/
if (caps_.isCapture())
fdEvent_ = new EventNotifier(fd_, EventNotifier::Read);
else
fdEvent_ = new EventNotifier(fd_, EventNotifier::Write);
fdEvent_->activated.connect(this, &V4L2Device::bufferAvailable);
fdEvent_->setEnabled(false);
return 0;
}
/**
* \brief Check if device is successfully opened
* \return True if the device is open, false otherwise
*/
bool V4L2Device::isOpen() const
{
return fd_ != -1;
}
/**
* \brief Close the device, releasing any resources acquired by open()
*/
void V4L2Device::close()
{
if (fd_ < 0)
return;
releaseBuffers();
delete fdEvent_;
::close(fd_);
fd_ = -1;
}
/**
* \fn const char *V4L2Device::driverName()
* \brief Retrieve the name of the V4L2 device driver
* \return The string containing the driver name
*/
/**
* \fn const char *V4L2Device::deviceName()
* \brief Retrieve the name of the V4L2 device
* \return The string containing the device name
*/
/**
* \fn const char *V4L2Device::busName()
* \brief Retrieve the location of the device in the system
* \return The string containing the device location
*/
std::string V4L2Device::logPrefix() const
{
return deviceNode_;
}
/**
* \brief Retrieve the image format set on the V4L2 device
* \param[out] format The image format applied on the device
*
* \return 0 for success, a negative error code otherwise
*/
int V4L2Device::getFormat(V4L2DeviceFormat *format)
{
return caps_.isMultiplanar() ? getFormatMultiplane(format) :
getFormatSingleplane(format);
}
/**
* \brief Configure an image format on the V4L2 device
* \param[in] format The image format to apply to the device
*
* Apply the supplied \a format to the device, and return the actually
* applied format parameters, as \ref V4L2Device::getFormat would do.
*
* \return 0 for success, a negative error code otherwise
*/
int V4L2Device::setFormat(V4L2DeviceFormat *format)
{
return caps_.isMultiplanar() ? setFormatMultiplane(format) :
setFormatSingleplane(format);
}
int V4L2Device::getFormatSingleplane(V4L2DeviceFormat *format)
{
struct v4l2_format v4l2Format = {};
struct v4l2_pix_format *pix = &v4l2Format.fmt.pix;
int ret;
v4l2Format.type = bufferType_;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &v4l2Format);
if (ret) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error) << "Unable to get format: " << strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
format->width = pix->width;
format->height = pix->height;
format->fourcc = pix->pixelformat;
format->planesCount = 1;
format->planes[0].bpl = pix->bytesperline;
format->planes[0].size = pix->sizeimage;
return 0;
}
int V4L2Device::setFormatSingleplane(V4L2DeviceFormat *format)
{
struct v4l2_format v4l2Format = {};
struct v4l2_pix_format *pix = &v4l2Format.fmt.pix;
int ret;
v4l2Format.type = bufferType_;
pix->width = format->width;
pix->height = format->height;
pix->pixelformat = format->fourcc;
pix->bytesperline = format->planes[0].bpl;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &v4l2Format);
if (ret) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error) << "Unable to set format: " << strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
/*
* Return to caller the format actually applied on the device,
* which might differ from the requested one.
*/
format->width = pix->width;
format->height = pix->height;
format->fourcc = pix->pixelformat;
format->planesCount = 1;
format->planes[0].bpl = pix->bytesperline;
format->planes[0].size = pix->sizeimage;
return 0;
}
int V4L2Device::getFormatMultiplane(V4L2DeviceFormat *format)
{
struct v4l2_format v4l2Format = {};
struct v4l2_pix_format_mplane *pix = &v4l2Format.fmt.pix_mp;
int ret;
v4l2Format.type = bufferType_;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &v4l2Format);
if (ret) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error) << "Unable to get format: " << strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
format->width = pix->width;
format->height = pix->height;
format->fourcc = pix->pixelformat;
format->planesCount = pix->num_planes;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < format->planesCount; ++i) {
format->planes[i].bpl = pix->plane_fmt[i].bytesperline;
format->planes[i].size = pix->plane_fmt[i].sizeimage;
}
return 0;
}
int V4L2Device::setFormatMultiplane(V4L2DeviceFormat *format)
{
struct v4l2_format v4l2Format = {};
struct v4l2_pix_format_mplane *pix = &v4l2Format.fmt.pix_mp;
int ret;
v4l2Format.type = bufferType_;
pix->width = format->width;
pix->height = format->height;
pix->pixelformat = format->fourcc;
pix->num_planes = format->planesCount;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pix->num_planes; ++i) {
pix->plane_fmt[i].bytesperline = format->planes[i].bpl;
pix->plane_fmt[i].sizeimage = format->planes[i].size;
}
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &v4l2Format);
if (ret) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error) << "Unable to set format: " << strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
/*
* Return to caller the format actually applied on the device,
* which might differ from the requested one.
*/
format->width = pix->width;
format->height = pix->height;
format->fourcc = pix->pixelformat;
format->planesCount = pix->num_planes;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < format->planesCount; ++i) {
format->planes[i].bpl = pix->plane_fmt[i].bytesperline;
format->planes[i].size = pix->plane_fmt[i].sizeimage;
}
return 0;
}
int V4L2Device::requestBuffers(unsigned int count)
{
struct v4l2_requestbuffers rb = {};
int ret;
rb.count = count;
rb.type = bufferType_;
rb.memory = memoryType_;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &rb);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Unable to request " << count << " buffers: "
<< strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
LOG(V4L2, Debug) << rb.count << " buffers requested.";
return rb.count;
}
/**
* \brief Request \a count buffers to be allocated from the device and stored in
* the buffer pool provided.
* \param[in] count Number of buffers to allocate
* \param[out] pool BufferPool to populate with buffers
* \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
*/
int V4L2Device::exportBuffers(unsigned int count, BufferPool *pool)
{
unsigned int allocatedBuffers;
unsigned int i;
int ret;
memoryType_ = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
ret = requestBuffers(count);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
allocatedBuffers = ret;
if (allocatedBuffers < count) {
LOG(V4L2, Error) << "Not enough buffers provided by V4L2Device";
requestBuffers(0);
return -ENOMEM;
}
count = ret;
/* Map the buffers. */
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
struct v4l2_plane planes[VIDEO_MAX_PLANES] = {};
struct v4l2_buffer buf = {};
struct Buffer &buffer = pool->buffers()[i];
buf.index = i;
buf.type = bufferType_;
buf.memory = memoryType_;
buf.length = VIDEO_MAX_PLANES;
buf.m.planes = planes;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Unable to query buffer " << i << ": "
<< strerror(-ret);
break;
}
if (V4L2_TYPE_IS_MULTIPLANAR(buf.type)) {
for (unsigned int p = 0; p < buf.length; ++p) {
ret = createPlane(&buffer, p,
buf.m.planes[p].length);
if (ret)
break;
}
} else {
ret = createPlane(&buffer, 0, buf.length);
}
if (ret) {
LOG(V4L2, Error) << "Failed to create plane";
break;
}
}
if (ret) {
requestBuffers(0);
pool->destroyBuffers();
return ret;
}
bufferPool_ = pool;
return 0;
}
int V4L2Device::createPlane(Buffer *buffer, unsigned int planeIndex,
unsigned int length)
{
struct v4l2_exportbuffer expbuf = {};
int ret;
LOG(V4L2, Debug)
<< "Buffer " << buffer->index()
<< " plane " << planeIndex
<< ": length=" << length;
expbuf.type = bufferType_;
expbuf.index = buffer->index();
expbuf.plane = planeIndex;
expbuf.flags = O_RDWR;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_EXPBUF, &expbuf);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Failed to export buffer: " << strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
buffer->planes().emplace_back();
Plane &plane = buffer->planes().back();
plane.setDmabuf(expbuf.fd, length);
return 0;
}
/**
* \brief Release all internally allocated buffers
*/
int V4L2Device::releaseBuffers()
{
LOG(V4L2, Debug) << "Releasing bufferPool";
requestBuffers(0);
bufferPool_ = nullptr;
return 0;
}
/**
* \brief Queue a buffer into the device
* \param[in] buffer The buffer to be queued
*
* For capture devices the \a buffer will be filled with data by the device.
* For output devices the \a buffer shall contain valid data and will be
* processed by the device. Once the device has finished processing the buffer,
* it will be available for dequeue.
*
* \todo Support output devices (bytesused, ...)
* \todo Support imported buffers (dmabuf fd)
*
* \return 0 on success or a negative error number otherwise
*/
int V4L2Device::queueBuffer(Buffer *buffer)
{
struct v4l2_buffer buf = {};
struct v4l2_plane planes[VIDEO_MAX_PLANES] = {};
int ret;
buf.index = buffer->index();
buf.type = bufferType_;
buf.memory = memoryType_;
if (V4L2_TYPE_IS_MULTIPLANAR(buf.type)) {
buf.length = buffer->planes().size();
buf.m.planes = planes;
}
if (V4L2_TYPE_IS_OUTPUT(bufferType_)) {
buf.bytesused = buffer->bytesused_;
buf.sequence = buffer->sequence_;
buf.timestamp.tv_sec = buffer->timestamp_ / 1000000000;
buf.timestamp.tv_usec = (buffer->timestamp_ / 1000) % 1000000;
}
LOG(V4L2, Debug) << "Queueing buffer " << buf.index;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Failed to queue buffer " << buf.index << ": "
<< strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
if (queuedBuffersCount_++ == 0)
fdEvent_->setEnabled(true);
return 0;
}
/**
* \brief Dequeue the next available buffer from the device
*
* This method dequeues the next available buffer from the device. If no buffer
* is available to be dequeued it will return nullptr immediately.
*
* \return A pointer to the dequeued buffer on succcess, or nullptr otherwise
*/
Buffer *V4L2Device::dequeueBuffer()
{
struct v4l2_buffer buf = {};
struct v4l2_plane planes[VIDEO_MAX_PLANES] = {};
int ret;
buf.type = bufferType_;
buf.memory = memoryType_;
if (V4L2_TYPE_IS_MULTIPLANAR(buf.type)) {
buf.length = VIDEO_MAX_PLANES;
buf.m.planes = planes;
}
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Failed to dequeue buffer: " << strerror(-ret);
return nullptr;
}
ASSERT(buf.index < bufferPool_->count());
if (--queuedBuffersCount_ == 0)
fdEvent_->setEnabled(false);
Buffer *buffer = &bufferPool_->buffers()[buf.index];
buffer->bytesused_ = buf.bytesused;
buffer->timestamp_ = buf.timestamp.tv_sec * 1000000000ULL
+ buf.timestamp.tv_usec * 1000ULL;
buffer->sequence_ = buf.sequence;
return buffer;
}
/**
* \brief Slot to handle completed buffer events from the V4L2 device
* \param[in] notifier The event notifier
*
* When this slot is called, a Buffer has become available from the device, and
* will be emitted through the bufferReady Signal.
*
* For Capture devices the Buffer will contain valid data.
* For Output devices the Buffer can be considered empty.
*/
void V4L2Device::bufferAvailable(EventNotifier *notifier)
{
Buffer *buffer = dequeueBuffer();
if (!buffer)
return;
LOG(V4L2, Debug) << "Buffer " << buffer->index() << " is available";
/* Notify anyone listening to the device. */
bufferReady.emit(buffer);
/* Notify anyone listening to the buffer specifically. */
buffer->completed.emit(buffer);
}
/**
* \var V4L2Device::bufferReady
* \brief A Signal emitted when a buffer completes
*/
/**
* \brief Start the video stream
*
* \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
*/
int V4L2Device::streamOn()
{
int ret;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &bufferType_);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Failed to start streaming: " << strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* \brief Stop the video stream
*
* \todo Ensure completion notifications are sent for all queued buffers
*
* \return 0 on success or a negative error code otherwise
*/
int V4L2Device::streamOff()
{
int ret;
ret = ioctl(fd_, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &bufferType_);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = -errno;
LOG(V4L2, Error)
<< "Failed to stop streaming: " << strerror(-ret);
return ret;
}
queuedBuffersCount_ = 0;
fdEvent_->setEnabled(false);
return 0;
}
} /* namespace libcamera */
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