libcamera: Add thread support

The new Thread class wraps std::thread in order to integrate it with the
Object, Signal and EventDispatcher classes. By default new threads run
an internal event loop, and their run() method can be overloaded to
provide a custom thread loop.

Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Niklas Söderlund <niklas.soderlund@ragnatech.se>

5 files changed, 403 insertions, 13 deletions

diff --git a/include/libcamera/camera_manager.h b/include/libcamera/camera_manager.h
index 633d27d1..0e8881ba 100644
--- a/include/libcamera/camera_manager.h
+++ b/include/libcamera/camera_manager.h
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ private:
 	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<PipelineHandler>> pipes_;
 	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Camera>> cameras_;
 
-	std::unique_ptr<EventDispatcher> dispatcher_;
-
 	static const std::string version_;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/libcamera/camera_manager.cpp b/src/libcamera/camera_manager.cpp
index 337496c2..2cf01423 100644
--- a/src/libcamera/camera_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/libcamera/camera_manager.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "event_dispatcher_poll.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "pipeline_handler.h"
+#include "thread.h"
 #include "utils.h"
 
 /**
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(Camera)
  */
 
 CameraManager::CameraManager()
-	: enumerator_(nullptr), dispatcher_(nullptr)
+	: enumerator_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -247,12 +248,7 @@ CameraManager *CameraManager::instance()
  */
 void CameraManager::setEventDispatcher(std::unique_ptr<EventDispatcher> dispatcher)
 {
-	if (dispatcher_) {
-		LOG(Camera, Warning) << "Event dispatcher is already set";
-		return;
-	}
-
-	dispatcher_ = std::move(dispatcher);
+	Thread::current()->setEventDispatcher(std::move(dispatcher));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -268,10 +264,7 @@ void CameraManager::setEventDispatcher(std::unique_ptr<EventDispatcher> dispatch
  */
 EventDispatcher *CameraManager::eventDispatcher()
 {
-	if (!dispatcher_)
-		dispatcher_ = utils::make_unique<EventDispatcherPoll>();
-
-	return dispatcher_.get();
+	return Thread::current()->eventDispatcher();
 }
 
 } /* namespace libcamera */
diff --git a/src/libcamera/include/thread.h b/src/libcamera/include/thread.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e881d90e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libcamera/include/thread.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019, Google Inc.
+ *
+ * thread.h - Thread support
+ */
+#ifndef __LIBCAMERA_THREAD_H__
+#define __LIBCAMERA_THREAD_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <libcamera/signal.h>
+
+namespace libcamera {
+
+class EventDispatcher;
+class ThreadData;
+class ThreadMain;
+
+using Mutex = std::mutex;
+using MutexLocker = std::unique_lock<std::mutex>;
+
+class Thread
+{
+public:
+	Thread();
+	virtual ~Thread();
+
+	void start();
+	void exit(int code = 0);
+	void wait();
+
+	bool isRunning();
+
+	Signal<Thread *> finished;
+
+	static Thread *current();
+
+	EventDispatcher *eventDispatcher();
+	void setEventDispatcher(std::unique_ptr<EventDispatcher> dispatcher);
+
+protected:
+	int exec();
+	virtual void run();
+
+private:
+	void startThread();
+	void finishThread();
+
+	friend class ThreadData;
+	friend class ThreadMain;
+
+	std::thread thread_;
+	ThreadData *data_;
+};
+
+} /* namespace libcamera */
+
+#endif /* __LIBCAMERA_THREAD_H__ */
diff --git a/src/libcamera/meson.build b/src/libcamera/meson.build
index adc749ec..bad60da4 100644
--- a/src/libcamera/meson.build
+++ b/src/libcamera/meson.build
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ libcamera_sources = files([
     'request.cpp',
     'signal.cpp',
     'stream.cpp',
+    'thread.cpp',
     'timer.cpp',
     'utils.cpp',
     'v4l2_controls.cpp',
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ libcamera_headers = files([
     'include/media_device.h',
     'include/media_object.h',
     'include/pipeline_handler.h',
+    'include/thread.h',
     'include/utils.h',
     'include/v4l2_device.h',
     'include/v4l2_subdevice.h',
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ libcamera_sources += version_cpp
 libcamera_deps = [
     cc.find_library('dl'),
     libudev,
+    dependency('threads'),
 ]
 
 libcamera = shared_library('camera',
diff --git a/src/libcamera/thread.cpp b/src/libcamera/thread.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95636eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libcamera/thread.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019, Google Inc.
+ *
+ * thread.cpp - Thread support
+ */
+
+#include "thread.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <libcamera/event_dispatcher.h>
+
+#include "event_dispatcher_poll.h"
+#include "log.h"
+
+/**
+ * \file thread.h
+ * \brief Thread support
+ */
+
+namespace libcamera {
+
+LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(Thread)
+
+class ThreadMain;
+
+/**
+ * \brief Thread-local internal data
+ */
+class ThreadData
+{
+public:
+	ThreadData()
+		: thread_(nullptr), running_(false), dispatcher_(nullptr)
+	{
+	}
+
+	static ThreadData *current();
+
+private:
+	friend class Thread;
+	friend class ThreadMain;
+
+	Thread *thread_;
+	bool running_;
+
+	Mutex mutex_;
+
+	std::atomic<EventDispatcher *> dispatcher_;
+
+	std::atomic<bool> exit_;
+	int exitCode_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief Thread wrapper for the main thread
+ */
+class ThreadMain : public Thread
+{
+public:
+	ThreadMain()
+	{
+		data_->running_ = true;
+	}
+
+protected:
+	void run() override
+	{
+		LOG(Thread, Fatal) << "The main thread can't be restarted";
+	}
+};
+
+static thread_local ThreadData *currentThreadData = nullptr;
+static ThreadMain mainThread;
+
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieve thread-local internal data for the current thread
+ * \return The thread-local internal data for the current thread
+ */
+ThreadData *ThreadData::current()
+{
+	if (currentThreadData)
+		return currentThreadData;
+
+	/*
+	 * The main thread doesn't receive thread-local data when it is
+	 * started, set it here.
+	 */
+	ThreadData *data = mainThread.data_;
+	currentThreadData = data;
+	return data;
+}
+
+/**
+ * \typedef Mutex
+ * \brief An alias for std::mutex
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \typedef MutexLocker
+ * \brief An alias for std::unique_lock<std::mutex>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \class Thread
+ * \brief A thread of execution
+ *
+ * The Thread class is a wrapper around std::thread that handles integration
+ * with the Object, Signal and EventDispatcher classes.
+ *
+ * Thread instances by default run an event loop until the exit() method is
+ * called. A custom event dispatcher may be installed with
+ * setEventDispatcher(), otherwise a poll-based event dispatcher is used. This
+ * behaviour can be overriden by overloading the run() method.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \brief Create a thread
+ */
+Thread::Thread()
+{
+	data_ = new ThreadData;
+	data_->thread_ = this;
+}
+
+Thread::~Thread()
+{
+	delete data_->dispatcher_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+	delete data_;
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Start the thread
+ */
+void Thread::start()
+{
+	MutexLocker locker(data_->mutex_);
+
+	if (data_->running_)
+		return;
+
+	data_->running_ = true;
+	data_->exitCode_ = -1;
+	data_->exit_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+	thread_ = std::thread(&Thread::startThread, this);
+}
+
+void Thread::startThread()
+{
+	struct ThreadCleaner {
+		ThreadCleaner(Thread *thread, void (Thread::*cleaner)())
+			: thread_(thread), cleaner_(cleaner)
+		{
+		}
+		~ThreadCleaner()
+		{
+			(thread_->*cleaner_)();
+		}
+
+		Thread *thread_;
+		void (Thread::*cleaner_)();
+	};
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure the thread is cleaned up even if the run method exits
+	 * abnormally (for instance via a direct call to pthread_cancel()).
+	 */
+	thread_local ThreadCleaner cleaner(this, &Thread::finishThread);
+
+	currentThreadData = data_;
+
+	run();
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Enter the event loop
+ *
+ * This method enter an event loop based on the event dispatcher instance for
+ * the thread, and blocks until the exit() method is called. It is meant to be
+ * called within the thread from the run() method and shall not be called
+ * outside of the thread.
+ *
+ * \return The exit code passed to the exit() method
+ */
+int Thread::exec()
+{
+	MutexLocker locker(data_->mutex_);
+
+	EventDispatcher *dispatcher = eventDispatcher();
+
+	locker.unlock();
+
+	while (!data_->exit_.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
+		dispatcher->processEvents();
+
+	locker.lock();
+
+	return data_->exitCode_;
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Main method of the thread
+ *
+ * When the thread is started with start(), it calls this method in the context
+ * of the new thread. The run() method can be overloaded to perform custom
+ * work. When this method returns the thread execution is stopped, and the \ref
+ * finished signal is emitted.
+ *
+ * The base implementation just calls exec().
+ */
+void Thread::run()
+{
+	exec();
+}
+
+void Thread::finishThread()
+{
+	data_->mutex_.lock();
+	data_->running_ = false;
+	data_->mutex_.unlock();
+
+	finished.emit(this);
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Stop the thread's event loop
+ * \param[in] code The exit code
+ *
+ * This method interrupts the event loop started by the exec() method, causing
+ * exec() to return \a code.
+ *
+ * Calling exit() on a thread that reimplements the run() method and doesn't
+ * call exec() will likely have no effect.
+ */
+void Thread::exit(int code)
+{
+	data_->exitCode_ = code;
+	data_->exit_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+
+	EventDispatcher *dispatcher = data_->dispatcher_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+	if (!dispatcher)
+		return;
+
+	dispatcher->interrupt();
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Wait for the thread to finish
+ *
+ * This method waits until the thread finishes, or returns immediately if the
+ * thread is not running.
+ */
+void Thread::wait()
+{
+	if (thread_.joinable())
+		thread_.join();
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Check if the thread is running
+ *
+ * A Thread instance is considered as running once the underlying thread has
+ * started. This method guarantees that it returns true after the start()
+ * method returns, and false after the wait() method returns.
+ *
+ * \return True if the thread is running, false otherwise
+ */
+bool Thread::isRunning()
+{
+	MutexLocker locker(data_->mutex_);
+	return data_->running_;
+}
+
+/**
+ * \var Thread::finished
+ * \brief Signal the end of thread execution
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieve the Thread instance for the current thread
+ * \return The Thread instance for the current thread
+ */
+Thread *Thread::current()
+{
+	ThreadData *data = ThreadData::current();
+	return data->thread_;
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Set the event dispatcher
+ * \param[in] dispatcher Pointer to the event dispatcher
+ *
+ * Threads that run an event loop require an event dispatcher to integrate
+ * event notification and timers with the loop. Users that want to provide
+ * their own event dispatcher shall call this method once and only once before
+ * the thread is started with start(). If no event dispatcher is provided, a
+ * default poll-based implementation will be used.
+ *
+ * The Thread takes ownership of the event dispatcher and will delete it when
+ * the thread is destroyed.
+ */
+void Thread::setEventDispatcher(std::unique_ptr<EventDispatcher> dispatcher)
+{
+	if (data_->dispatcher_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+		LOG(Thread, Warning) << "Event dispatcher is already set";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	data_->dispatcher_.store(dispatcher.release(),
+				 std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieve the event dispatcher
+ *
+ * This method retrieves the event dispatcher set with setEventDispatcher().
+ * If no dispatcher has been set, a default poll-based implementation is created
+ * and returned, and no custom event dispatcher may be installed anymore.
+ *
+ * The returned event dispatcher is valid until the thread is destroyed.
+ *
+ * \return Pointer to the event dispatcher
+ */
+EventDispatcher *Thread::eventDispatcher()
+{
+	if (!data_->dispatcher_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
+		data_->dispatcher_.store(new EventDispatcherPoll(),
+					 std::memory_order_release);
+
+	return data_->dispatcher_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+}; /* namespace libcamera */